PARTICIPATION IN OCCUPATION 2- References and Comments posted on others blogs

References:


Caulton, R., & Dickson, R. (2007). What’s going on? Finding an explanation for what we do. In J. Caulton & A. Lawson-Porter. (Eds.). Contemporary issues in occupational therapy. (pp. 87-99). Chichester: John & Wiley Sons Ltd.

Christiansen, C., & Townsend, E. (2004). Introduction to occupation: the art and science of living. New Jersey: Pearson

Crepeau E. ( 2003 ). Analyzing occupation and activity: A way of thinking about occupational performance. In Crepeau E., Cohn E, & Schell B (Eds.), Willard and Spackman’s occupational therapy ( 10th ed., pp.189-198). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins


Dul, j. & Weerdmeester,B. (2008). Ergonomics for Beginners: A Quick reference Guide (3 ed.). USA: Taylor & Francis

Pepping, G., & Li,F. (1997). Perceiving action boundaries in volleyball block.In M.Schmuckler & J.Kennedy (Eds.). Studies in perception and action IV (pp. 137-139). USA: New Jersey, Lawrence Elbaum Associates Inc.

Saito, Y. (2007). Everyday aesthetics. New York: Oxford University Press.


Waite, P. (2009). Aggressive volleyball: dictate the pace, determine the outcome. USA: United Graphics


Comments:


Here are the comments i would have posted in these peoples blogs if it did work, but was unable to:

I Said......

Hi Keryn, I really liked reading your blog. It has great use of pictures and you are able to get a feel of your passion for scrapbooking. It also has good links to affordances and ergonomics, which has even helped me gaining a greater understanding of the aspects!

I Said...... 

Hi Pip, your blog on baking is definitely an interesting read. I like your most recent blog when you talked about how baking helps you keep in track of if your flatmates as you notice the food slowly decreasing. Your blogs also so easy to read as you seem to have natural talent for writing whatever comes to your mind, something that I still need a lot of practice on.

I Said....... 

Hi Rachel, I love your blog. The photos on there are really interesting to look at; you are very good at taking photos! I also found it very interesting how you link communication to photography. I did have a very broad sense of how in my activity I socialise and communicate with a team, but like how you can look at communication through photos and sharing them with others.

 I Said.......

Hi Dave, your blog is interesting to read. You can tell you really know your stuff and I envy you as I have always wanted to grow my own produce, just never had the persistence for it! Also like the links you have made to your ‘need’ for gardening.

PARTICIPATION IN OCCUPATION 2- Week 7, 8 & 9- my last weeks of volleyball...........

Here’s a brief overview of my last week’s blogging about volleyball...

Week 7:

This week our volleyball team had a bye so we didn’t get to play. However I still arrived at the hall around 6pm like I do every week. Luckily enough one team was short of a player so I ended up playing for them. For some reason while playing the hits were going really far in the air, nearly hitting the roof for most of the game. This made it difficult to play as the lights would outshine the ball, making it difficult to perceive where the ball was going to land. In the end it thinks that is a contributing factor to why the team had lost. Also the age differences in team were majorly different which could have gave the older team an advantage of height and strength which won them the game. The younger team I was filling in for seem to be a bit down about losing. But I didn’t feel sorry for them in that respect, as I remember when I was younger playing all the older teams, and loosing by lots of points and feeling sad about it at the time. But now I playing the same people in my older age and WINNING it is a lot more satisfying. Also during the night I helped with the score and got a few practice hits in between games.

Week 8:

This week I had run late to volleyball as I moved and lived further away than before. This meant I had to get changed there and quickly rush to get to my game in time 645pm. I luckily made it with no time to spare and jumped on the court to play. Because I was in such a flustered state I started hitting the volleyball in the wrong directions or missing it all together. Luckily my team was awake and managed to win the first set. Then the second set I had calmed down a little and started to play properly again. I had a really good run while serving and got to the team 7 points in a row. My team rewarded me with praise which fuelled my performance. With good team work and communication on the court, we ended up winning the game!!

Affordances:

I’ve found the aspect of affordance as very relevant to volleyball. This is mostly to do with the communication aspects and the idea of community within the team and also within the competition.

Good communication can be described as the key aspect to winning volleyball as explained by Waite (2009). He also explains that with good communication the team can become more united and play as one. This also relates back to the aspects of communication we talked about in class like the formation of relationships within the activity. Without these relationships, communication would be more difficult, as it is more difficult to talk to a stranger than someone you know.

Week 9:

This week I turned up early to set up the hall and got to catch up with my friend who I hadn’t seen in a while. It was pouring down with rain and was freezing outside so it was a relief to be in the hall. Then onto the first game at 6pm. This was a rather good team against an average team, so it was easy to predict the score. The next game was ours. We all casually wonder onto the court and get ready to play. I feel that our laid back attitudes we have to volleyball make it a relaxed atmosphere when we play, making less pressure on ourselves, usually resulting in positive results. Once we started playing we seemed to be on a role getting all the hits over and passing the ball to each other well. But somehow the opposition made a comeback and ended up winning the first set. Then we decided to step up our game a notch and set each other up for spikes. This was a good strategy as the opposition was unable to return the balls or if they did hit them it would go rebounding off the person in the wrong direction! We kept this strategy up to the end winning us the game. During the game the rain had taken over and was slamming on the roof, not in a frustrating way but more calming way. It was nice to listen to and filled the silences with some form of noise. It was slightly disappointing as the other team was bitter in our win and didn’t think it has been refed appropriately so some didn’t shake our hands afterwards. But our team wasn’t too bothered as we were more excited about our win than the poor sportsmanship of the other team. For the rest the night I did the scoring for the other teams and caught up with some people between games.

Ergonomics:

As I have touched on in my some of my first blogs ergonomics also fits into volleyball. Different ideas of this can be related to person, activity or environment. Over the 9 weeks I have come to understand the aspect or ergonomicsand how it is important to my activity. If I could pick the most important ideas in relation to me it would definitely be my responsibilities within the team. These include being on time, participating to the best of my ability and keeping good communication with my team mates and adapting all these to fit the appropriate situation. For example when in different teams especially I adapt my style of communication and participation style to fit the team’s style of playing. This can relate back to the quote by Caulton and Dickson (2007), “constantly make slight invisible adjustments to an activity to adapt to the needs of those taking part and ensure that it continues to work for its intended purpose”.

Ambience:

Over my blog I haven’t fully touched on the subject of ambience. This is because I find it hard to relate to my activity. But after writing my last blog taking into the account the different atmospheres I have a slightly better understanding of ambience and how it relates to my activity.

Ambience can be described as the atmosphere, moods and activities that surround us. It can give us insight to a sense of feeling for the activity and also help us provide our own integrity/authenticity (Saito, 2007).

I feel that I can relate to this definition in relation to the sort of atmospheres I was around in my week 9 blog. First aspect was the atmosphere of being warm and dry inside, feeling safe and cosy. Also then, the atmosphere that the oppositions produced when they didn’t want to shake our hands. It’s amazing how fast the atmosphere can change, and in long term I guess we naturally learn to adapt to that without knowing.

References:

Caulton, R., & Dickson, R. (2007). What’s going on? Finding an explanation for what we do. In J. Caulton & A. Lawson-Porter. (Eds.). Contemporary issues in occupational therapy. (pp. 87-99). Chichester: John & Wiley Sons Ltd.

Saito, Y. (2007). Everyday aesthetics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Waite, P. (2009). Aggressive volleyball: dictate the pace, determine the outcome. USA: United Graphics

PARTICIPATION IN OCCUPATION 2- Week 6

Week 6, playing volleyball would have been our most challenging game we have had yet!

As I’m now living in a different location (1hr and 20mins from the sports venue) I made an effort to travel to my game. I left home at around 5pm and got to the hall at around 615pm. luckily we didn’t have our game until 815pm. From arriving at the hall I was roped in to play for a team who was low in players which was fun as my friends were playing in the team and I was able to have a quick catch up on things while playing.

Then for the next 2 games I helped with the scoring and also gave me a chance to socialise with people I haven’t seen for a while.

Then it was time for our game. We only had 6 players which is the minimum you have on court, so if anyone got tired or had any injuries they would have to tough it out! The game didn’t start out very well. The opposition seemed to be getting points and we seemed to be getting none! We were doing bad hits and not communicating with each other well, leading to losing the first set. This made us take the game more seriously and in the second set we had better communication, better ball handling skills resulting in us winning the set by just 4! Last set was to determine who the winner of the game was, it was first to 30 and both sides were starting to look fatigued. But for the last 30 last points we both worked really hard and to our team’s relief we won the set by 1 point, winning us the game. I think we better this set as we had good control of the ball and controlled the passes we did to each other. Also good blocks were made which even I was able to successfully do which is an achievement in itself for someone as short as me! This would be the closest game we have had throughout the competition. After the weeks of playing volleyball I feel that it was the most satisfying win. This is because we had good competition and was playing a notoriously challenging team, so to win against that team felt like we achieved something as a team. We all left very satisfied with the win!

In the weeks of considering the aspects that play a large part in this paper I have come to consider practical considerations once again:

I noticed I stated that I felt like I had time to spend playing volleyball and overall participating playing for other teams and also doing score. Now coming so far along on the week I have found myself staying at home until later, still doing my 2 hours of the activity, but just that. I guess I didn’t take into consideration how the work load of the course gets greater over time and the closer the weeks got to exams and assessment; I would have less time for leisure activities.

Also, as I was looking around for good resources to relate back to volleyball I found a great reading on affordances in relation to volleyball and how it relates to anthropometric properties through the example of the block in volleyball!

This link was made through a study completed on volleyball players who were tested to see of the player could perceive the blockability of volleyball and if so what property can account for this. The results found that the player’s impulse determined if the ball was blockable or not. By noting this, kinetic factors can be perceived to have some influence on the behaviour as it can includes the person’s impulse and jumping ability. So as it concludes the manipulation of the kinetic factors and the players-environment contributes to the aspect of affordances (Pepping & Li, 1997).

I feel that this relates to the aspect ‘action properties’ and the indication of knowing what to do next afforded by the activity.



Reference:


  Pepping, G., & Li,F. (1997). Perceiving action boundaries in volleyball block. In  M.Schmuckler & J.Kennedy (Eds.). Studies in perception and action IV (pp. 137-139). USA: New Jersey, Lawrence Elbaum Associates Inc.

PARTICIPATION IN OCCUPATION 2- Week 5

In class we were asked to write a full description of our participation in our activity that week to help our learning and applying the aspects we have learned to our activity.

I got ready for volleyball and arrived at 545pm at the sports hall to help set up for the volleyball games that were occurring that night. First game started at 6 and the first 2 teams arrived around 5 minutes before their game. The hall was freezing so I had to jog around for a bit before I lost the feeling in my feet! I was all set up to do the score for the first teams but one of the two teams only had 5 players and was short one player so I decided to play for them. In volleyball there are 3 sets. To win a set it is the first one to get to 30 points. In the game I filled in for we won the first 2 sets so won the game. But had some spare time so played the last set just for fun. At 6:45pm when the second game was on I did the scoring for them. It worked out that each team had won a set so the last set would determine the win and ended up that the younger underdog team won the game! At 7:30pm was the third game of the night and was our teams turn to play. We started off very slowly, not calling for the ball and unsure of what we were doing. You could tell that some of us were fatigues from the long day. Still we managed to scrape through winning the first set. Second set we decided to control the ball more by hitting the ball over in 3 hits. This technique was really successful and got us increasing our communication with each other and in my opinion won us the second set! So we won the game! But then also played the third set just for fun. Usually there would be another game after ours but one of the teams defaulted and our night was cut short. Everyone then evacuated from the hall quick as most people don’t have time to have tea before they come. So who ever was left in the hall helped clean up rubbish, put chairs away and the volleyball net away. It was good being the 5th night paying volleyball as my arms got used to the impact constantly from the ball so I left feeling pretty good!!

In this class we also touched on the framework that we follow in the analysis of our activity.

                                            

This is a picture of the framework which shows how the links can be made between the main aspects of this paper. These include ergonomics, ambience, affordances and practical considerations.

Out of the 3 main aspects that are described as the 'human condition' (food/paper/play) in the framework, the one that relates to my activity the most is play.

The framework touches on the aspect of what the activity means to you and what would you do if you didn’t do this activity. For me the main reason think I participate in volleyball is for the social aspect of the activity. This includes the relationship I have with my team mates and also the relationship I develop with the opposition. Also maintaining these relationships is an important to me. Also as the other people at volleyball that I socialise with have a shared interest it easier to relate to one-another and also I’m able to share memories with the group as our team has been together for over a year now. So referring to the framework the need I have for the occupation is social interaction. Within this then considers the ergonomics and affordance of the activity and by having these then aids in meeting the need- which is my need for social interaction and communication with others.

I think there are still some aspects of the framework that I’m still slightly unclear of but as the weeks go on and the more discussion we have in tutorials I feel ill grow a better understanding and appreciation of this framework. 

PARTICIPATION IN OCCUPATION 2- Affordances Week 3 & 4

In the last two weeks we have been talking about Affordance, what it means and how it relates to our activities.

It can be described as, "a quality of an object, or an environment, that allows an individual to perform an action" (Crepeau, 2003. pp191). So an example from Christiansen & Townsend (2010) is related to knowing the affordance of a door. How it has a flat horizontal handle and that affords the pushing of the door, and those with a vertical handle afford the pulling of a door.

I can relate affordances to volleyball through the aspects of aesthetics, spirituality and health.

Aesthetics relates to volleyball for me because it includes the aspects of technique complexity and how something more complex may be more beautiful to the individual. I can relate this to me personally as in volleyball there are certain moves or collections of moves that require complex strategies and moves. My feeling of a beautiful/ complex move is executing a spike properly. It takes the right footwork, good timing, a high jump, right arm movements (utilising both- dominant one for the spike and non-dominant for propelling), strong hit on the ball, good angles when aiming the hit and accurate placing of the ball. This, as you can see, is a complex move and in my eyes is beautiful if executed accurately and all aspects are considered.

In relation to spirituality, the main aspects that relate to me are the sense of connection with others and how sports are a tradition in my family.

I feel that as volleyball is a team sport you have a connection with others. This connection is through being in a team and having similar skills to your team member and attitudes (WINNING!). Also by getting to know your team members you make a friendship with them. But you can make an overall connection with your team and the opposition as can connect with each other through common interest as both there to play volleyball.

Also the second aspect I mentioned was how there is sense of spirituality in relation to sport in general being a family tradition. This tradition comes from both sides of the family my mum’s side of the family played sports like rugby, netball, badminton and golf. My dad’s side of the family played sports like rugby, hockey, cricket and golf. My sister played cricket and touch and still plays volleyball netball and basketball. And I have played golf in the past and currently play volleyball, basketball and netball. Because of my families past in sports, it has encouraged me to play currently as they have been introduced to me since I was small and they are an essential part of my life.

The third aspect of affordance is in relation to health. This can be related to physical health (fitness) and also social interaction/ social health, both to me as important as each other.

I can contribute to good health through volleyball as by moving around the court can increase my fitness levels. Also it contributes to increasing my strength, endurance, co-ordination, timing, balance and basic volleyball skills.

I am also able to cater to my social health and wellbeing through the regular interaction with others. It provides a way of increasing my rapport with others, meeting new people and catching up on the regular gossip!


VOLLEYBALL WEEK 3 & 4:

In the past couple of weeks playing volleyball we have managed to win both games!! I have also had to fill in for some teams which have been fun and a way of engaging with others. It’s interesting the different dynamics teams have and how I have to adapt the way I usually play to fit in with their style. For example in volleyball you are allowed three hits on your side of the net before it goes over. My team tries to do this every time to enhance control, however the team I played for was only concerned about getting it over in one hit. This can relate to what I have said above about what I see as beautiful and what others see as beautiful and the different aspects of complexity for each person e.g. some people who have just started find smaller things more complex that people who have played before.


References:

Christiansen, C., & Townsend, E. (2004). Introduction to occupation: the art and science of living. New Jersey: Pearson


Crepeau E. ( 2003 ). Analyzing occupation and activity: A way of thinking about occupational performance. In Crepeau E., Cohn E, & Schell B (Eds.), Willard and Spackman’s occupational therapy ( 10th ed., pp.189-198). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins

PARTICIPATION IN OCCUPATION 2- Ergonomics: Week 2

In the second tutorial we talked about the idea of ergonomics and how they relate to our activity.

Ergonomics can be defined as it, "aims to design appliances, technical systems and tasks in such a way as to improve human safety, health and comfort".

Ergonomics (human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with understanding of interactions among human and other elements of a system, and the profession that applied theory, principles, data and method to design, in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance (Dul & Weerdmeester, 2008).

Ergonomics can relate to person, occupation and environment.

Aspects to do with the person include:

• Time available
• Financial resources
• Personal space
• Sense of the individual (putting your stamp on something)
• Age and were you are on the time line
• Particular responsibilities

I can relate some of these aspects back to my activity through the aspect of particular responsibilities I have. These include being there on time, playing fair, participating to my best at the activity and supporting my other team mate and communicating with them.

Age and gender isn’t of concern in the competition I am involved in. It contains teams which are either same gender or mixed and range from ages of around 12- 50 yrs old. With the mixed ages in teams and also rules for mixed genders produces a variety of skill levels in teams and makes it a fair opportunity for everyone.

Aspects to do with activity include:

• Robustness of material- making you feel more competent
• Degree of engagement necessary for the task
• Costs
• Time of day, year

An example of one of these aspects in relation to my activity is the degree of engagement that is necessary for the task. This is because as I am in a social competition it is not expected of you to have great skills and put a great amount of effort in. I personally have a competitive personality so I try and engage myself as much as possible; however it’s clear some are there just for a social outing.

Aspects to do with environment include:

• Physical environment
• Distractions from the game
• Accessibility of the venue
• Culture
• Seasons
• Political environment

An example of this in relation to my activity is through the accessibility and physical environment of the venue. I am lucky as the venue is 2 minutes up the road from my house so very easy to access and the hall is only new so spring courts which are good to move around on and easier on your body.

VOLLEYBALL WEEK 1 & 2

I feel as I have been playing volleyball for two weeks now I haven’t analysed the aspect of ergonomics. For next Tuesday I feel like ill have a better understanding to the link to person occupation and environment and how these can be viewed in an ergonomic view.

Reference:

Dul, j. & Weerdmeester,B. (2008). Ergonomics for Beginners: A Quick reference Guide (3 ed.). USA: Taylor & Francis

PARTICIPATION IN OCCUPATION 2 (2nd semester) Introduction:

For this course an activity had to be chosen that we were currently participating in. The activity also had to be something we doing for at least 9 weeks. I am currently playing social volleyball so I chose that as my activity.



What does volleyball mean to me?

I have played volleyball since I was about 16 and always enjoyed it. I’ve played in competitions in the past and liked the competitive side of it. But being in a social grade is good to as there is less pressure to do well and you can have more fun. I really enjoy team sports because of the social aspects of it on and off the court. Volleyball for me is a great activity to increase my fitness and also catch up with friends and meet new people.



What is this activity like?

Volleyball is structured sport and has positions on the court where people need to stand. It can also be quite tactical as different moves can be played and dummy shots played to trick the opposition. Also you rotate around the court to the position on your left so you have to be skilled at all areas on the court.



What would it mean to me if I was an Occupational Therapist?

As an Occupational Therapist Volleyball could be beneficial in many ways. It would be a good way to help a client increase social skills and give them an opportunity for social engagement. Also it can use as a way promoting physical activity and increase fitness levels. Volleyball can be used as meaningful occupation for someone and may be seen as a therapeutic activity. Also it can be used as a way of increasing skills for example co-ordination and timing.



Practical Consideration

I will be able to participate in this activity for at least 2hrs a week. This is because a typical game goes for 1hr but I also participate in filling in for other teams or doing the score for other teams. So I’m there from about 6 to 9 at night.

Also another practice consideration I thought about was - do I have time to do this for this amount of time each week? I feel that if I manage my workload I will be able to have time to fit everything in!

Tutorial Eight: Assistive Technology

Assistive technology is described as technology that is used to assist people in completing tasks with less effort and increasing the independance of an individual. Also with the new technologies being introduced in the workplace, more people with disabilites are able to have a job that they greatly deserve (De Jonge, Joslyn & Redger 2007).
So assistive  technology is technology that can be used to compensate or assisit someone who may have a disability. For example hearing aids are used for people who have hearing loss.

The assistive technology i though was the coolest was the interactive SMART boards
These SMART boards range in sizes and functions and are available all over the world. They can be used for educational, business and even government purposes. Link to the SMART board website here

Average size:

• 165.7 cm × 125.7 cm  (can be larger or smaller)

Some Functions Include:

• Hands on learning and interaction
• Able to use google maps
• Transfer file from your desktop straight onto the board
• Interactive games

Average Price:

• Around $1200 NZ dollars

This equipment can increase occupational capacity as it is controled by touch. This may aid people who have difficulty holding a pen to write on the white board , possibly from rheumatoid arthritis. Also it is used fo educational purposes in schools so can be a fun way to educate people. Interactive games can be used to increase general physical activity and co-ordination. Also it reiterates the occupational concept of play and how it can be meaningful to others.

Here is a YouTube clip which gives a demonstration on how you can use the SMART Board and its capabilities.

This video clip off YouTube is a really good explanation of how a SMART Board works and tips on how to work it.





This clip is of a demonstration on how to work a SMART Board. This video clip is purposely made to teach people how to use the it so is clearly instructed.

Reference:

De Jonge, D., Joslyn, M., & Rodger, S. (2007). Assistive technology in the workplace. USA: Mosby Elsevler

Tutorial Seven: Linking to Blogs of Interest and Exchanging Comments

For this tute we were expected to link blogs of interest to our page and also have a comment on blogs we had questions for or were interested in.

From my top five blogs (links found in top right of your screen) i chose my favourite which was the WiiHab rehabilitaion blog. This blog has videos and information on how the Wii console is used in rehabilitation!
Heres what i commented on the blog!

Sarah said...

Hi im a 2nd year OT student and would if never even though to use a form of gaming console as a rehabilitation device! Awesome idea and would love to hear more about it!!

Tutorial Six: The Internet and Online Communities

The online communities i have chosen are in relation to depressions support and online chatting websites.


Here are the three i chose:

1. Depression facebook group- Link 

This is a place where you can Join a depression group and chat online to each other. You have to sign up to facebook to use it but it seems like a nice place to talk to others with depression. The explantion of the group says there will be no judgement, and if so they will be kick out of the group. Also there are over 4000 people who have joined!

This site, once you join provides the user with a environment where they can chat to other people in the group online. It may be a good place to exchange feelings and talk about what you are experiencing. However there may be risk, as there is for all online chatting networks. This means if you are using this website DO NOT give out personal details.

People who use this site may want to find others out there that suffer from depression so they can relate feelings and actions expressed. Also information shared is reciprocal so they can have automatic conversation, rathe than by email.

Ethical issues are definitly around giving out information to strangers. Simply dont give out ur personal details to people you do not know.

The benefits of this page is that you are able to chat with people all over the world. However some people may feel more comfortable if it was just people in New Zealand. This online network may be full of fakes so watch who you talk to and talk about.



2. Depression Forums- Link
This site intentions are clearly explained by their mission statement, "Our mission is to create an atmosphere that is both supportive and informative in a caring, safe environment for our members to talk to their peers about depression, anxiety, mood disorders, medications, therapy and recovery."
Also this website has direct links to other sites that focus on depression. But also anxiety, bipolar and other mental illnesses.

This website, once you join can be very interative. There are multiple forums that can more specifically target your situation. For example new members forums, depression forums and  relationship and depression forums. Anyone can join, and in these forums you can write how you are feeling and also comment on others comments in support. Also professional counselors are available to talk to and contribute to the forums.

People may contribute to the communities looking for support and also providing support to others. They may be seeking other who suffer from depression to then know they are not alone, and find other who understand their illness.

As all of the online communities i have looked at the accountability and lack of identity of the individuals is unknown. This means there could be people who are taking advantage of the forums and not being truthful.

This community is published all over the world so anybody can access it. This may have advantages like meeting new people from different places that can support you. But with the vast of people being able to access the forums means there may be even more people using it for the wrong reasons.

3. The low down- Link

This is a great website, especially for younger people. It has a interesting choise of navigating around the website and provides a supportive chat room. Also has stories of people with depression and information on the illness. 

The low down provides a very interactive atmosphere that is more safe confidentuality wise that the facebook website. It provides a navigator that takes you through each bit of the website. Also they have a message board, where if you sign up, you can write how your feeling and others that are online can support you. This is a monitorted message board so it is a safe discussion environment.

People may choose this sight if they are a young teen looking for support, or to see other people suffer from this illness also. Information is reciporcal so comments can be passed from one person to another. Also they have a free txt number to txt for support. This can provide privacy, and may make someone feel more comfortable taking about their depression.

Ethical issues that may occuar from this website is that there may be lack of identity and accountability. So people may not be genuine about the process.

This online network however provides people all around New Zealand a service where they can go and chat with other people who have depression without judgement. This community may lack the opportunity to chat with people outside of New Zealand, who may be able to better support some people that are from overseas, but living here.

Tutorial Five: Video Production Session

After making our movie in tutorial four, we then further investigated the YouTube website and its properties to further understand the video production process.

YouTube is a video-sharing website on which users can upload, share, and view videos. These videos can be uploaded individually or by media corperations. It was founded in 2005 and in 2006 google brought YouTube for 1.65 billion dollars (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube). So the services that YouTube provide include advertising and also it allows individials to express opinions for the world to see. How ever it can also lead to videos being published without permission.

The topic of interest i have chosen is volleyball. It is of personal interest to me and i played it all throught out high school. It relates back to occupation as it is a meaningful occupation and comes from the occupational topic of 'play'. Christiansen and Townsend (2010) describe play as self- motivated and pleasurable and also a great means for learning.

The first video clip i chose is on the history of volleyball. This clip is in more lecture type form, so slighly boing, but does touch on the basic of how it started, how the name was chosen and how quicly it has become popular all over the world. The clip only lasts about 5 minutes and links nicely onto the others.

So the second video i chose is about the basic of volleyball. It describes the rules including amout of players, boundaries and how many hits are allowed before the ball has to be hit over the net. Note: volleyball in New Zealand refers to what they call a 'bump' as a dig, so same thing.

This third video is about how to serve a volleyball. I think this skills is of great importance as if you can serve the volleyball over the net first try, its an automatic turnover and a point to the other team. The underarm serve i found from personal experience is the easiest serve to do to start with and is most reliable. But overarm serve has alot more power, especially the last one he demonstrates with the jump top-spin serve.

The fourth video clip is a demonstration on how to spike a volleyball. I chose to put this video up as there are three important hips that can be completed in volleyball. These include a dig/ bump , a set and a spike. Of all these three the spike is the hardest to master.  It requires good timing and footwork to be able to be completed properly.

The fifth and final video clip is of a game of volleyball.  I chose this one as it shows a good use of the techniques used above, and can be clarly demonstrated how these are used in play. Also if you notice one of the six players has a different colour top on. This means they are the player that hands around the back of the court, waiting for the long spikes to propell at them which they can then dig/ bump to set their team up for a spike.

References:

Christiansen, C. H. & Townsend, E. (2010). Introduction to occupation: The art and science of living. (2^nd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson

Tutorial Four: Video Production Session

In this tutorial we had to produce a video in a group. This videos theme was overcoming adversity. With the time that we had we planed out our video into eight sections of focus, then filmed the movie then editied it on the computer. Story boarding was a useful technique as we were able to follow a some sort of baseline, and allowed different people to contribute to the ideas.

Our movie is about a line of people at the microwave, waiting to heat their food. But then a rude, impatient person pushes infrount of every one and puts their food in first. The next person in line decides to stick up for them selves and the impatient person then backs down and apologises and everyone is then happy. So in the end diversity is overcome. Enjoy : )

Tutorial Three: Blog Creation Task

In this tute we created our blogs, added links and published photos to blog via out flickr accounts!

Here is a Youtube clip which shows how to make a blog in only 5 minutes!

Tutorial Two: Digital Imaging

In this tutorial digital imagery was dicussed in depth, and then we were expected to take our own photos to upload to our blog via a flickr account.

Digital imagery is becoming more high tec and up to date as we progress into the future. The hardwares that i am familar with and are able to store, transfer and manipulate digital imagery include laptops, ipods, cellphones, televisions and DVD's.I personally have all these and they are reasonably up to date so through my laptop i can use webcam to take photos and videos, my ipod can video, my cellphone can take photos and videos and have an automatic link that i can activiate to the printer and also my flickr account and throught the use of the television, DVD's can be watched with inages on them. Softwares that can be used can include facebook, used to display photos and videos, flickr which is a personal online account where you are able to share your photos with others, also digital imagery is useful when it comes to trademe (online trading website) as images are able to be uploaded so the consumers can visually see what they are buying. I have personally used all these sites and found that they benefit greatly from the use of digital imagery.

Examples of the use of digital imagery to provide information and recording include blogs, skype also websites like flickr.

Firstly blogs can provide information as they have pictures and movies that can deplict the point accross even stonger when a person can visually see. For example the Participation in Occupation One Course Blog 2011 is full of digital imagery and video that provide great amouts of information in OT - here is the link

Secondary skype is used in the way of digital imagery as it is used to contact other around the world and also used for online lectures, people also can attend online classes throught correspondance over the internet. So information can they be provided to people eihter one on one or in a group. Also skype have taken part in an skype laughter chain in which they are trying to get as many people in the world to upload a video clip of them laughing and are aiming to make the biggest laughing chain in the world. Here is a link if you wanted to check it out!

The third point i touched on was the website flickr. This is a website where you can upload your own personal photos and share them with all the other members on flickr or keep them privately stored. Here people are also able to use your photos for websites and blogs and u can then do the same. So you can demonstate to others what you are interested in by what photos you display and also recieve comments from others through the network. Again heres Link if you are interested.

" A New Technology is rarely superior to an old one in every feature"

This statement, in relation to digital technology may be right, but also new technologies, as they adapt may be compensating for the trusty old  features and modinising them into more reliable technologies.

If you were to arge the minuses of the more recent digital camera technologies in relation to the older cameras you could say that older type film based cameras  you can keep the negatives so you can always have them printed off again and if kept in a safe place can store them forever. With new digial cameras the photos are usually stored on the computer or memory stick, both of these can malfunction reasonably easily from viruses and brakages. Also another minus may be that with digital cameras, with how instant the whole process is, you are unable to reminess and value the photos as much as you would if you took them, waited for them to be printed out, then reminessed the good times you may of had in them.

However pluses of using modern digital technology can be also the instantcy of it. You can take a photo, plug the camera to the printer, then automatically print it out. Also you are able to view the photo that you have taken instantly so can see what photos may be rubbish and what are good ones to keep. Modern digital cameras are can also store greater amounts of photos and also can be edited and trimmed to make them look even better. Another plus would be the rechargable batteries compared to the deposable ones that traditional camera use. Lastly, another plus would include the places that digital photos can be stored. This can include in the computer, memorystick, CD's  and online sites like flickr and facebook.

So traditional cameras can be useful in some ones, but modern digital cameras, in my opinion, definitly outrule them!

Ethical issues- there are ethical issues that may come along with digital imagery. A few include people who may not want their photo taken or not giving permission. However this can be difficult out in the public because if they are out on the street they are able to have their photo taken, however in the home or in a private building, permission then has to be recieved to take the photo. Another ethical issue, that relates back to the otago campus, is that some buildings dont permit photos being taken in them like the library for example. So permission is always good to get, even in public buildings, as they may or may not feel comfortable with it.

Digital imagey is used in Occupational Therapy in the way of using it for a leisure activitiy for patients. Also can make activities like walking more pleasent and keep a record of their adventures. Heres a link for more information on this. Also in the use of assessments or assisstive technologies. For example picture boards to enable clients to identify actions or feelings thay may have. Also in one of my placements photos were used with one of the clients who had autism, in order to familiarise them with a new environement they were going to when they went on holiday before getting there.

Tutorial One Continued- Information Technology in Reference to Fieldwork Placement and Occupational Therapy

In my first year of Occupational Therapy i was involved in two placements. My month long placement was in  Older Persons Health and my second placement (which was longitutional placement) was in a youth metal health setting based in a school.

In my Older Persons Health placement i was able see the involvement of technology in the setting. This ranged form using the phone to then using the computer to document information. But as this setting was within a hospital the OT still had to view files that were blinded in folders. May be in close future all patient information will be logged onto the computer to save looking through patients notes after notes.

In my second placement technology was also used. This was in the use of computers and music, but more for the clients for an educational purpose or even calming purposes.

In Creek, Lougher & Van Bruggen (2008) talks about how the development of information technology is used widely as Occupational Therapist. Specifically it talked about how
information technology has made recording patient data easier and can be also accessed easier. Also it is evident that Occupational Therapists use Information Technology for research to further there degree or knowledge (Hagedorn, 2001). These can be through different websites like http://www.books.google.com/ where you are able to view books online. Also http://scholar.google.com/ where a selection of online books, magazine and journal articles can be read. It is now evident that it is very beneficial for Occupational Therapy to be educated in the use of information technology. It helps OT's to ensure that they can adapt to change in technology in the future, to efficiently utilise the technology and also to critically apply their knowledge to maximize their client's ability to use and accept new technologies (Schaoer & Pervan, 2004)

Also you can view the blog on the top right of my page called TechnoOT by VirtualOT or go to http://techots.blogspot.com/

What issues exist around Occupational Therapy adoption of information technology systems and tools?
Issues that may exist around OT's adoption of IT systems and tools may be that they become too reliant on it. This may cause problems in the future as technology, as brilliant as it is also has glitches. This is because information can be lost, in parts or even in whole or if things are not saved properly it can also be lost. All very inconvenient, and if the information is not backed up test may be necessarily repeated.

IT as being a potential tool for practice-
I think that the use of IT is incredibly useful in the practice of daily lives. It is useful in the way to know all the basic of how to use it in relation to jobs and schooling etc as it can assist in making life easier and produce work quicker. Also in general internet is great when you may need a quick recipe or want to research a topic as it only takes a matter of seconds to find. Also there are links to this within my 5 top blogs published on my page ans also one blog, occupational therapy issue is specifically related to New Zealand and its Occupational Therapists.


Soooo.... By having a good understanding of Information Technology in our lives can help us in our practice of daily life. This can be in the way of communicating networks via internet or phone that enable us to contact people quickly and effectively so we are up to date on what is happening. Also the use of the internet is big now in the way of education via skype and other online communicative devices. Information Technology in relation to people with disabilities is also seen to help enable or compensate for a loss that they may have in order for them to be able to carry out their lives with as much independance as possible.


But what ethical implications may arise from capturing, sharing and transferring of information via IT devices or systems?
Ethical issue that were discussed in class were mainly around the use of internet and the implications. These were in reference to mainly online communities and chat rooms used inappropriately  to exploit people or even encourage inappropriate behaviours. Also privacy can be broken as pictures and videos can be leeked onto the internet for everyone to see. These can be seen when the intellectual property, social justice  and informed concent are broken.

Intellectual property is a right, typically granted by the govenment to protect property. This is usally seen in the form of copyrights and trademarks. (Holland etal, 2007) So this is a way in which people are able to keep their work authentic and prevent it being stolen, or having someone claim the work as their own. Examples of these are the brand Mac that is copyrighted so for someone elce to use this some label and name on their product is illegal, even though still fakes are being produced all over the world. Thinking of this aspect in practice is greatly important with appropriately referencing work and not coping off others. Also by examining copyright details of work can determine the reliability of the work you are referencing (Holland etal, 2007)

Social justice  is described as establishing just for not only for the individual, but the society. It is based in the concept of giving fair treatment to all in society and all access to benefits available in society (Capeheart & Milovanovic, 2007) The use of social justice in information technology can be evident in the aspect of digital divide. Digital divide is described as the divide between people who have access to the computers, the internet and technology compared to the people that dont. So without this access to technology, these people then are distancing themselves from the 'online communities' that are now being created through the vast amouts of people that have access to technology (http://www.wikipedia.com/). This relates to information technology and OT as people with this digital divide may be excluded from information that otherwise they may have access to if they had this technology.

Informed concent is descrided as the given concent of someone after they are aware of all the facts and implications of the action and have a full understanding of it (http://www.wikipedia.com/).  In relation to this and information technology in occupation therapy, concent is critical for many aspects. For example picture that go on the internet all need concent and also files that an OT may use on a patient cant be given to any old person without the clients informed concent.

References:

Hagedorn, R. (2001). Foundation for practice in occupational therapy (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.

Creek. J., Lougher. L., Van Bruggen. H. (2008). Occupational therapy and mental health (4th ed.) Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.

Schaper, L., Pervan, A. (2004). A model for information and communication technology, acceptance and utilisation by occupational therapist. Australia: Curtain University of Technology

Holland, C.J., Canuso, V.A., Reed, D., Lee, S., Kimmel, A.L., Peterson, W. (2007) Intellectual property. USA: Entrepreneur Media Legal Guide

Capeheart, L., Milovanovic, D. (2007) Social justice: Theories, issues and movements. USA

Digital divide. (2011) Retireved from  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide

Informed concent (2011) Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informed_consent